Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) is a synthetic polymer that has a wide range of applications due to its unique properties. It is water-soluble, biodegradable, and nontoxic, making it useful in various industries such as textiles, adhesives, packaging, and pharmaceuticals. PVA is created through the polymerization of vinyl acetate monomer (VAM) into polyvinyl acetate (PVAc), which is then hydrolyzed to produce PVA. The degree of hydrolysis (the extent to which the acetate groups are removed) can affect the properties of PVA, such as its solubility and crystallinity. PVA has a linear structure consisting of repeating units of vinyl alcohol, which are linked through ester bonds. These bonds make PVA water-soluble, and the polymer’s properties can be further tuned based on the degree of hydrolysis and molecular weight.

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